Avil45.5 mg/2 ml

Avil 45.5 mg/2 ml is indicated for- Allergic conditions including hay fever, drug rashes, angioneurotic edema, serum sickness, allergic conjunctivitis, food allergy etc. Conditions of the respiratory tract that are accompanied by increased secretion, including vasomotor rhinitis and acute rhinitis. ... Read moreAvil 45.5 mg/2 ml is indicated for- Allergic conditions including hay fever, drug rashes, angioneurotic edema, serum sickness, allergic conjunctivitis, food allergy etc. Conditions of the respiratory tract that are accompanied by increased secretion, including vasomotor rhinitis and acute rhinitis. All itching skin conditions, including neurodermatitis, eczema of any origin, lichen planus, acute and chronic urticaria, pruritis of the anus or genitals, pruritus in icterus and diabetes, radiation sickness etc. Prevention and treatment of motion sickness. Prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting and vertigo due to Meniere’s disease and other labyrinthine disturbances.

Sedating Anti-histamine

Pheniramine is an alkylamine derivative with histamine H1-receptor antagonist effects. It also has anticholinergic and moderate sedative effects.

Unless otherwise prescribed by the doctor, the following dosages are recommended for the different dosage forms:Avil 45.5 mg/2 ml Injection Solution: Except in life threatening conditions, the initial dose should be kept as low as possible: particularly in small children, a daily dose of 3 mg active substance per kg body weight should not be exceeded. The following doses are administered once or twice daily: Adults and Young people aged 12 years or over: 1.0-2.0 ml IV/IM. Children aged 1-2 years (about 11-14 kg body weight): 0.5-0.7 ml IM only Children aged 3-5 years (about 20 kg body weight): 0.8-1.3 ml IM only Children aged 6-11 years (upto about 25 kg body weight): 1.0-1.5 ml IM only Avil 45.5 mg/2 ml Injection (45.5 mg/2 ml): This is administered to adults and young people aged 12 years or over either slowly by intravenous route (1 ml per minute) or intramuscularly. To infants and children up to 12 years old the injection must only be given intramuscularly. The recommended dose may be repeated at 12 hourly intervals until acute symptoms have subsided. Avil 45.5 mg/2 ml can be combined with commercial calcium preparations but the compatibility should be tested in individual case.Avil 45.5 mg/2 ml Tablet (22.7 mg): In adults and young people of over 12 years of age it is advisable to begin treatment with 1 tablet 2-3 times daily after meals. If necessary, the daily dose may be increased to 2 tablets 3 times daily from the second day of treatment onwards.Avil 45.5 mg/2 ml Syrup (15 mg/5 ml): is particularly suitable for children. Children aged 1-3 years should receive half a measuring spoonful two or three times daily; children aged 4-12 years, 1 measuring spoonful 2 or 3 times daily; adults and young people 1-2 measuring spoonful of syrup twice or three times a day after meals. A daily dose of 3 mg/kg body weight must not be exceeded. Diabetics must bear in mind that Avil 45.5 mg/2 ml Syrup contains carbohydrates which are equivalent to 1.75 gm glucose per measuring spoonful (5 ml)Avil 45.5 mg/2 ml Retard Tablet (75 mg): The coated tablets have a prolonged action. In most adults and adolescent over 12 years of age 1 coated tablet taken after supper is sufficient to produce an antihistaminic effect that for up to 24 hours. Only in very resistant cases will it be necessary to give an additional coated tablet in the morning after breakfast. The tablets are swallowed whole with a little liquid.

Doses must be individually determined in all cases and should be taken with or soon after food. Treatment should be commenced at the lowest possible dose because experience has shown that antihistamines are often effective at low doses. The maximum dose of 3 mg/kg per day should not be exceeded. Elderly patients should use the adult dose with caution.To prevent travel sickness, it is recommended that the first dose be taken at least 30 minutes before traveling. Due to the risk of drowsiness, the patient should not drive a motor vehicle or operate machinery after taking a dose.Avil 45.5 mg/2 ml tablets: In adults and children over 10 years of age: Treatment is commenced with half a tablet taken up to three times daily. This dose may be increased to one tablet taken up to three times daily if required. Children 5-10 years of age: Half a tablet up to three times daily. Avil 45.5 mg/2 ml tablets are not recommended in children under 5 years of age.

MAO-inhibitors may prolong and intensify the anticholinergic effect of pheniramine (see Contraindications). Adverse CNS effects of pheniramine may be enhanced when it is taken with alcohol or other CNS depressants (eg. hypnotics, sedatives, tranquilizers). Atropine and related drugs may enhance the anticholinergic activity of pheniramine.

Patients with hypersensitivity to pheniramine or any other ingredient (eg. Methyl hydroxybenzoate or propyl hydroxybenzoate in the syrup). Patients with symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy. Patients receiving MAO-inhibitor therapy. Newborn and premature infants.

The most common adverse reaction is sedation, which often disappears after a few days if tolerance is acquired. Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported. Central Nervous System: Lassitude, dizziness, tinnitus, inability to concentrate, incoordination, irritability, insomnia and tremors. Agitation and convulsions, especially in children and restlessness, disorientation and hallucinations in adults, are common symptoms following overdose. Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, colic, epigastric pain, anorexia, dryness of mouth and constipation. Genitourinary: Urinary retention. Cardiovascular: Palpitations, headache. Ocular: Blurred vision, increased intraocular pressure. Musculoskeletal: Muscular weakness. Haematological: Rare cases of blood dyscrasias including agranulocytosis and haemolytic anaemia have been reported.

Pregnancy Category C. Either studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the foetus (teratogenic or embryocidal or other) and there are no controlled studies in women or studies in women and animals are not available. Drugs should be given only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus.

Avil 45.5 mg/2 ml may cause drowsiness. Both the dosage and the time of administration should be carefully considered in patients whose activities (e.g. driving a car or operating machinery) demand special concentration. Patients should be cautioned against the simultaneous ingestion of alcohol and other central nervous system depressants. Avil 45.5 mg/2 ml may possibly be hallucinogenic in toxic doses. Due to the possible CNS stimulating effects of antihistamines, pheniramine has the potential for abuse. Due to the anticholinergic effect of pheniramine, caution and close monitoring are required if it is used in patients with conditions such as prostatic hypertrophy, narrow angle glaucoma, asthma or severe cardiovascular disease. The anti-emetic effect of pheniramine may mask the signs of other conditions. Products containing pheniramine should not be taken on an empty stomach.

Symptoms: Antihistamine drugs in toxic doses produce a complex of CNS excitatory and depressant effects. Accidental ingestion in small children has resulted in convulsions and sometimes death.Management: As there is no specific antidote, treatment should be symptomatic and supportive. Induction of vomiting should only be used immediately after ingestion as the sedative action of any absorbed antihistamine can lead to life-threatening pulmonary aspiration during emesis. Gastric lavage with a cuffed endotracheal tube in situ may be useful for some time after ingestion of antihistamines as their anticholinergic action slows down gastric emptying. Stimulants should not be used as they may precipitate convulsions. Diazepam or short-acting barbiturates may be used to control convulsions. Vasopressors may be used to treat hypotension. Mechanical support of respiration may be required if respiration is seriously depressed. Continuous ECG monitoring is recommended if cardiac toxicity develops, which can be treated with centrally-acting anticholinesterases such as physostigmine.

Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light. Do not use later than the date of expiry. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician.

Sedating Anti-histamine

Pheniramine competes with histamine for the histamine H1 receptor, acting as an inverse agonist once bound. The reduction in H1 receptor activity is responsible for reduced itching as well as reduced vasodilation and capillary leakage leading to less redness and edema. This can be seen in the suppression of the histamine-induced wheal (swelling) and flare (vasodilation) response. Inverse agonism of the H1 receptor in the CNS is also responsible for the sedation produced by first-generation antihistamines like pheniramine. The binding of pheniramine to H4 receptors, and subsequent inverse agonism, may also contribute to reduced itching by antagonizing inflammation.

pregnancy Category A. Use only if strictly indicated. Use only if strictly indicated.