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Halothane: Brands, Price & Uses in Bangladesh
Established Use Halothane is indicated for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adults and children undergoing surgical procedures.
About Halothane
Indications of Halothane
Established Use
Halothane is indicated for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adults and children undergoing surgical procedures. It is administered exclusively by qualified anesthesiologists or anesthesia providers in a hospital or surgical operating room setting equipped for general anesthesia and continuous patient monitoring.
Adjunct / Combination Use
Halothane is commonly used together with nitrous oxide, oxygen, intravenous induction agents, opioids, and neuromuscular blocking agents as part of a balanced general anesthesia technique.
Not for Self-Administration
Halothane is not a self-administered medicine; it has no outpatient or home-use indication and is not dispensed directly to patients.
Dosage & Administration of Halothane
Administration
Halothane is administered only by inhalation via a specifically calibrated vaporizer connected to an anesthesia machine, delivered in oxygen or an oxygen-nitrous oxide mixture. It must be administered only by an anesthesiologist or anesthesia provider trained in its use, with continuous monitoring of vital signs, oxygenation, and anesthetic depth.
Dosage by Indication
| Use | Typical Concentration | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Induction of anesthesia | Up to 3-4% in oxygen or oxygen/nitrous oxide, gradually increased from a low starting concentration | Adults and children; concentration titrated to response |
| Maintenance of anesthesia | 0.5-1.5% | Adjusted to maintain adequate depth of anesthesia |
The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of Halothane is approximately 0.75% in oxygen, decreasing when combined with nitrous oxide or other adjunct agents. Doses are individualized by the anesthesia provider based on age, body weight, cardiovascular status, and concurrent medications.
Side Effects of Halothane
Common
- Hypotension and dose-dependent myocardial depression
- Bradycardia and cardiac arrhythmias
- Respiratory depression
- Nausea, vomiting, and shivering during recovery
Serious (Rare)
- Halothane hepatitis (severe hepatotoxicity) - see Precautions and Warnings
- Malignant hyperthermia - see Precautions and Warnings
- Severe cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest
Contraindications of Halothane
- Known hypersensitivity to Halothane or other halogenated anesthetic agents.
- History of unexplained jaundice, hepatic dysfunction, or fever following previous exposure to Halothane (suspected halothane hepatitis).
- Known or suspected susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia (personal or family history).
Frequently Asked Questions about Halothane
What is Halothane used for?
Halothane is a volatile inhalational anesthetic gas used by trained anesthesia providers to induce and maintain general anesthesia during surgical procedures in a hospital or operating room setting. It is not a medicine that patients take on their own.
Is Halothane safe for children?
Halothane has a long history of use for inhalation induction of anesthesia in children because of its non-irritating odor. It is administered by trained pediatric anesthesia providers with careful dosing and monitoring, as children may be sensitive to its cardiovascular and respiratory effects.
What is halothane hepatitis?
Halothane hepatitis is a rare but serious liver injury that can occur after exposure to Halothane, particularly with repeated exposure within a short time interval. Patients with a history of unexplained jaundice or liver problems after previous Halothane anesthesia should not receive Halothane again, as this is an absolute contraindication.
Can Halothane be used during pregnancy?
Halothane should be used during pregnancy only when clearly needed, such as for surgery that must be performed during pregnancy, because it crosses the placenta and can relax the uterus, potentially increasing bleeding risk. Any use during pregnancy or delivery should be decided and supervised by an experienced anesthesia provider and obstetrician.
What are the serious risks of Halothane anesthesia?
The most serious risks of Halothane include halothane hepatitis (rare liver damage), malignant hyperthermia (a rare, life-threatening hypermetabolic reaction), and cardiac arrhythmias due to sensitization of the heart to catecholamines. These are why Halothane is administered only by trained personnel with resuscitation equipment immediately available.
Who should not receive Halothane?
Halothane is contraindicated in people with known hypersensitivity to Halothane or other halogenated anesthetics, those with a history of unexplained liver problems after previous Halothane exposure, and those known or suspected to be susceptible to malignant hyperthermia.
Disclaimer
The information provided is accurate to the best of our knowledge, but it does not replace professional medical advice. We cannot guarantee its completeness or accuracy, and the absence of specific information about a drug should not be taken as an endorsement. We are not responsible for any consequences arising from this information, so please consult a healthcare professional for any concerns or questions.