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Cloxacillin: Brands, Price & Uses in Bangladesh
Cloxacillin is an established treatment for infections caused by penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains that are susceptible to it and more.
About Cloxacillin
Indications of Cloxacillin
Cloxacillin is an established treatment for infections caused by penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains that are susceptible to it, as well as for infections due to susceptible non-penicillinase-producing staphylococci and streptococci (particularly when a penicillinase-producing organism is suspected). Established uses per product labeling and clinical practice include:
- Skin and soft tissue infections (boils, abscesses, cellulitis, infected wounds and burns)
- Respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia, lung abscess, sinusitis, and otitis media caused by susceptible organisms
- Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis caused by susceptible staphylococci
- Endocarditis caused by susceptible staphylococci (usually as part of combination therapy)
- Urinary tract infections and septicemia caused by susceptible organisms
Cloxacillin may also be started empirically while awaiting culture results when a penicillinase-producing staphylococcal infection is suspected, and switched to a narrower-spectrum agent once susceptibility is confirmed. Cloxacillin is not effective against methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRSA) or against organisms resistant by mechanisms other than penicillinase production.
Dosage & Administration of Cloxacillin
The dose and route of Cloxacillin depend on the severity and site of infection, and should be determined by a qualified physician. Typical dosing ranges are summarized below; see the separate dosage, administration, pediatric_uses, and duration_of_treatment fields for further detail.
Antibiotic stewardship note: Cloxacillin should be prescribed only for infections confirmed or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible penicillinase-producing staphylococci or other susceptible organisms. It should not be used for viral infections or for infections that do not require it, in order to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance. Whenever possible, therapy should be guided or confirmed by culture and susceptibility testing, and the full prescribed course should be completed even if symptoms improve early, unless a physician advises otherwise.
Side Effects of Cloxacillin
Most side effects of Cloxacillin are mild and transient. Commonly reported effects include:
- Nausea, vomiting, epigastric discomfort, and diarrhea/loose stools
- Skin rash, urticaria (hives)
Less common but clinically important effects include:
- Hypersensitivity reactions ranging from mild rash to angioedema, wheezing, and, rarely, anaphylaxis
- Mild, usually transient elevations in liver enzymes; rarely, cholestatic hepatitis or jaundice (see precautions_and_warnings)
- Mild leukopenia or eosinophilia
- Thrombophlebitis at the site of intravenous administration
- Rarely, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, including Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea/colitis
Patients should seek prompt medical attention for any signs of a serious allergic reaction (difficulty breathing, swelling of the face/throat, severe rash) or signs of liver problems (yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, persistent abdominal pain).
Contraindications of Cloxacillin
Cloxacillin is contraindicated in patients with a known history of hypersensitivity (allergic reaction) to Cloxacillin, other penicillins, or beta-lactam antibiotics in general. Because of the shared beta-lactam ring structure, patients with a history of severe allergic reactions to penicillins may also have cross-reactivity with cephalosporins; Cloxacillin should be used with caution, and generally avoided, in patients with a history of severe cephalosporin allergy, and this possibility should be discussed with the prescribing physician.
Frequently Asked Questions about Cloxacillin
What is Cloxacillin used for?
Cloxacillin is an antibiotic used mainly to treat infections caused by certain staphylococcal bacteria that produce an enzyme (penicillinase) that would otherwise destroy ordinary penicillin - common examples include skin infections such as boils, abscesses, and cellulitis, as well as some respiratory and bone infections.
How should I take Cloxacillin?
Cloxacillin capsules or suspension should generally be taken on an empty stomach, about 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals, with a full glass of water, and doses should be spaced evenly through the day as prescribed.
Can I stop taking Cloxacillin once I feel better?
No. You should complete the full course of Cloxacillin exactly as prescribed by your doctor, even if your symptoms improve, unless your doctor tells you to stop. Stopping early can allow the infection to return and contributes to antibiotic resistance.
Is Cloxacillin safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
Penicillin antibiotics like Cloxacillin are generally considered to carry relatively low risk in pregnancy and breastfeeding, but you should only take Cloxacillin during pregnancy or while breastfeeding if your physician has confirmed it is appropriate for your situation.
What side effects should prompt me to see a doctor while taking Cloxacillin?
Seek medical attention promptly if you develop signs of an allergic reaction (rash, swelling of the face or throat, difficulty breathing), yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, or severe/persistent diarrhea while taking Cloxacillin.
Can I take Cloxacillin if I am allergic to penicillin?
No. Cloxacillin is itself a penicillin-class antibiotic and must not be taken by anyone with a known allergy to Cloxacillin, other penicillins, or beta-lactam antibiotics; inform your doctor of any drug allergy history before starting treatment.
Disclaimer
The information provided is accurate to the best of our knowledge, but it does not replace professional medical advice. We cannot guarantee its completeness or accuracy, and the absence of specific information about a drug should not be taken as an endorsement. We are not responsible for any consequences arising from this information, so please consult a healthcare professional for any concerns or questions.