10% Off
Forane100 ml
Unimed Unihealth MFG. Ltd.
৳3299.40
Out Of Stock
Generic medicine
Isoflurane: Brands, Price & Uses in Bangladesh
Isoflurane is a volatile halogenated general anesthetic gas administered only by inhalation in a hospital/surgical setting, using a calibrated vaporizer, by trained anesthesia personnel.
About Isoflurane
Indications of Isoflurane
Isoflurane is a volatile halogenated general anesthetic gas administered only by inhalation in a hospital/surgical setting, using a calibrated vaporizer, by trained anesthesia personnel.
Established / FDA-Approved Uses
- Induction of general anesthesia in adults and pediatric patients (though a pungent odor and airway irritation limit its use for mask induction, particularly in children, where other agents are often preferred).
- Maintenance of general anesthesia for surgical procedures of varying duration, typically combined with nitrous oxide/oxygen or oxygen alone, and often with adjunct intravenous agents, analgesics, and neuromuscular blocking drugs.
Notes on Evidence and Use
- Adequate and well-controlled data supporting use in obstetric anesthesia (e.g., cesarean section) have not been established; use in this setting requires specialist judgment.
- Isoflurane is not indicated for, and must never be used for, sedation or analgesia outside a monitored anesthesia setting; it is not a self-administered or ward-level medication.
A qualified anesthesiologist or anesthesia provider must determine the appropriateness of Isoflurane for each patient and procedure.
Dosage & Administration of Isoflurane
Isoflurane is dosed as an inspired concentration (percent) delivered via a calibrated, agent-specific vaporizer, individualized to the patient's age, clinical status, and concurrent anesthetic/analgesic agents. It must be administered only by personnel trained in general anesthesia, with continuous monitoring and immediately available equipment for airway management, ventilation, oxygen administration, and cardiovascular resuscitation.
| Use | Typical Inspired Concentration | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Induction of anesthesia | Approximately 1.5% to 3% | Usually produces surgical anesthesia in about 7-10 minutes; concentrations are increased gradually from a lower starting point. |
| Maintenance with nitrous oxide/oxygen | Approximately 1% to 2.5% | Adjusted according to depth of anesthesia required and patient response. |
| Maintenance with oxygen alone | Approximately 1.5% to 3.5% | Higher concentrations may be needed than with nitrous oxide co-administration. |
Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) requirements decrease with increasing patient age (except in neonates, who may require slightly lower concentrations than infants) and are reduced by concurrent opioids, sedatives, and nitrous oxide. See Dosage, Administration, and Use in Special Populations for further detail.
Side Effects of Isoflurane
Because Isoflurane is used only under continuous anesthesia monitoring, its effects are closely observed and managed by the care team. Common effects, particularly during induction and emergence, include:
- Agitation or restlessness (particularly on emergence)
- Coughing and breath-holding (induction, due to airway irritation)
- Nausea and vomiting (post-operative)
- Chills/shivering on emergence
- Laryngospasm (induction)
Serious but less common effects include dose-dependent hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, and respiratory depression, all of which are actively managed intraoperatively. Rare but serious reactions include malignant hyperthermia, hepatic injury (sensitivity-type hepatitis, more strongly associated with older agents like halothane but reported with Isoflurane), severe hyperkalemia (particularly in patients with underlying muscular dystrophies), and anaphylaxis (see Precautions and Warnings).
Contraindications of Isoflurane
Isoflurane is contraindicated in patients with:
- Known or suspected genetic susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia - a rare, life-threatening hypermetabolic reaction that can be triggered by volatile anesthetics.
- Known hypersensitivity to Isoflurane or to other halogenated anesthetic agents.
- A history of confirmed hepatitis or unexplained moderate-to-severe hepatic dysfunction following prior exposure to a halogenated anesthetic agent.
- General contraindications to general anesthesia itself, as determined by the anesthesia provider.
Frequently Asked Questions about Isoflurane
What is Isoflurane used for?
Isoflurane is an inhaled general anesthetic gas used in hospitals and surgical centers to induce and maintain general anesthesia (unconsciousness) during surgery. It is administered only by trained anesthesia providers using specialized vaporizer equipment, never as a self-administered or take-home medication.
Is Isoflurane safe?
When administered by trained anesthesia personnel with continuous monitoring, Isoflurane is considered safe and is widely used worldwide. However, it carries rare but serious risks, including malignant hyperthermia (a life-threatening reaction in genetically susceptible individuals), dose-dependent drops in blood pressure and breathing, and, rarely, liver reactions or severe allergic reactions - all of which the anesthesia team is trained to detect and manage immediately.
Who should not receive Isoflurane?
Isoflurane should not be given to individuals with a known or suspected genetic susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia, known hypersensitivity to Isoflurane or other halogenated anesthetics, or a history of confirmed hepatitis or unexplained significant liver dysfunction after a previous halogenated anesthetic. The anesthesia team screens for these risk factors before every procedure.
Can Isoflurane be used during pregnancy?
Well-controlled studies of Isoflurane in human pregnancy have not been established, and it should be used only when general anesthesia is clearly needed for a medically necessary or emergency procedure, with the decision made jointly by the obstetric and anesthesia team weighing benefit against potential risk to the fetus. Data on transfer into breast milk are limited, and a physician should advise on timing of breastfeeding after anesthesia.
What are the common side effects of Isoflurane?
Common effects include agitation, coughing, and breath-holding around induction, and nausea, vomiting, chills, or shivering during recovery. These are typically managed by the anesthesia and recovery care team and resolve as the drug is eliminated from the body after the procedure.
What happens if too much Isoflurane is given (overdose)?
Excessive depth of anesthesia with Isoflurane can cause severe drops in blood pressure, abnormal heart rhythms, and breathing depression. Because Isoflurane is only ever given under continuous monitoring in a hospital setting, this is recognized and treated immediately on-site by the anesthesia team - it is not a scenario managed at home.
Disclaimer
The information provided is accurate to the best of our knowledge, but it does not replace professional medical advice. We cannot guarantee its completeness or accuracy, and the absence of specific information about a drug should not be taken as an endorsement. We are not responsible for any consequences arising from this information, so please consult a healthcare professional for any concerns or questions.