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Ketamine: Brands, Price & Uses in Bangladesh
Approved Indication Ketamine is indicated as the sole anesthetic agent for diagnostic and surgical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation and more.
About Ketamine
Indications of Ketamine
Approved Indication
Ketamine is indicated as the sole anesthetic agent for diagnostic and surgical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation, and as an induction agent prior to administration of other general anesthetics. It is also used to supplement low-potency agents such as nitrous oxide.
Guideline-Supported / Common Clinical Uses
- Procedural sedation and analgesia (e.g. fracture reduction, wound care, burn dressing changes) in emergency and outpatient settings, at sub-anesthetic doses.
- Acute pain management as a low-dose adjunct to opioid analgesia, particularly in trauma and emergency medicine.
Off-Label Uses
Ketamine is used off-label, at very low sub-anesthetic ("sub-dissociative") doses and only under specialist supervision, for:
- Adjunct treatment of certain refractory chronic pain conditions (e.g. complex regional pain syndrome), usually as part of a multimodal pain program.
- Treatment-resistant depression, administered by intravenous infusion in specialized psychiatric or anesthesia settings with continuous monitoring. (A related, chemically distinct enantiomer product is separately FDA-approved as an intranasal antidepressant; that is a different medicine from Ketamine itself.)
Ketamine is a controlled substance with recognized potential for misuse and must never be self-administered outside a supervised medical setting.
Dosage & Administration of Ketamine
Dosing of Ketamine is individualised by indication, route, patient age, and concurrent medications, and must only be given by, or under the direct supervision of, personnel trained in general anesthesia/airway management with continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring available. See Dosage for indication-specific regimens and Administration for route-specific technique.
Side Effects of Ketamine
| System | Effects |
|---|---|
| Cardiovascular | Elevated blood pressure and heart rate (most common); hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias |
| Respiratory | Respiratory stimulation is typical; transient respiratory depression or apnea can occur with rapid high-dose IV administration; laryngospasm (uncommon) |
| Psychiatric/Neurological (emergence reactions) | Vivid dreams, hallucinations, confusion, irrational behaviour and disorientation during recovery, reported in roughly 1 in 8 adult patients; enhanced skeletal muscle tone with tonic-clonic (seizure-like) movements |
| Ocular | Diplopia, nystagmus, mild elevation of intraocular pressure |
| Gastrointestinal | Nausea, vomiting, anorexia |
| Other | Injection-site pain/erythema, rare anaphylactoid reactions |
Co-administration of a benzodiazepine and use of a quiet recovery environment can reduce the frequency and severity of emergence reactions associated with Ketamine.
Contraindications of Ketamine
Ketamine is contraindicated in:
- Patients with known hypersensitivity to Ketamine.
- Conditions in which a significant elevation of blood pressure would pose a serious hazard (e.g. severe/uncontrolled hypertension, and certain cases of eclampsia or severe pre-eclampsia).
Frequently Asked Questions about Ketamine
What is Ketamine used for?
Ketamine is mainly used as a general anesthetic for short surgical or diagnostic procedures that do not require muscle relaxation, and to induce anesthesia before other anesthetic agents are given. At much lower doses it is also used for procedural sedation, pain control, and, off-label under specialist supervision, for treatment-resistant depression.
Is Ketamine safe to use during pregnancy?
Safe use of Ketamine in pregnancy has not been established, and it is generally not recommended. It should be used in pregnancy only if a physician determines the potential benefit clearly outweighs the potential risk to the fetus, so always consult your doctor first.
Can Ketamine be given at home or without supervision?
No. Ketamine must only be given by trained medical personnel in a setting with continuous monitoring of heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing, because of its effects on the cardiovascular system and airway, and its recognized potential for misuse. It is never appropriate for self-administration.
What are the most common side effects of Ketamine?
The most common effects of Ketamine are a rise in blood pressure and heart rate, and "emergence reactions" during recovery, such as vivid dreams, hallucinations, or confusion, which occur in roughly 1 in 8 patients. These can often be reduced by giving a benzodiazepine and allowing recovery in a calm, quiet space.
What should be done if someone receives too much Ketamine?
An overdose of Ketamine can cause severe breathing difficulty, dangerously low or unstable blood pressure, or prolonged unresponsiveness. This is a medical emergency — seek immediate medical attention or contact emergency services/poison control right away. Treatment mainly involves supporting breathing and circulation in a hospital setting.
Is Ketamine approved for use in children?
Formal prescribing information states that safety and effectiveness in children under 16 have not been officially established. In practice, Ketamine is commonly used off-label in children for anesthesia and sedation by specialists experienced in pediatric care, using weight-based dosing and full monitoring.
Disclaimer
The information provided is accurate to the best of our knowledge, but it does not replace professional medical advice. We cannot guarantee its completeness or accuracy, and the absence of specific information about a drug should not be taken as an endorsement. We are not responsible for any consequences arising from this information, so please consult a healthcare professional for any concerns or questions.